Treating dementia and other brain disorders with natural glycans
Keywords
neurological disorder,schizophrenia,dementia,loss of memory,neural plasticity,glycans, polysialic acid,NCAM
Invention Novelty
Natural glycans known as polysialic acid have been shown to improve memory functions and support cell vitality, making them a treatment option for dementia and other brain disorders.
Value Proposition
Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders remain an area of great medical need both for prevention and therapy. Loss of memory in these diseases is linked to deficits in neural and synaptic plasticity - a fundamental mechanism that so far cannot be supported therapeutically with the necessary efficiency. However, synaptic plasticity can be modulated pharmacologically and is a potential target for disease modifying strategies and symptomatic treatment.
Impaired recent object recognition memory in Alzheimers’s disease model is normalized by glycan DP10: Top: 5xFAD mice treated with DP10 showed a preference for the least recently explored object (L) compared to the most recently explored object (R) in the retrieval phase. Below: DP10-treated mice discriminated objects significantly better compared to mice treated with vehicle or the longer glycan DP20.
Technology Description
Neural and synaptic plasticity is mediated by functionally important glycans forming part of the extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules. Among these is polysialic acid (polySia), a polymer formed of the sialic acid residues, which is predominantly carried by the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM. PolySia is synthesized by concerted action of two enzymes resulting in a high variability with respect to the polymer length. Alterations in polySia homeostasis have been associated with neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. Using size-defined polySia fragments and their derivatives, we identified compounds, which efficiently improved memory functions and supported cell vitality. The polySia compounds have been shown to be deliverable to the brain by systemic administration, to cause stable and potent specific receptor inhibition, re-establishment of long-term potentiation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus as well as reestablishment of recent object recognition in in vivo mouse models of schizophrenia and dementia.
Commercial Opportunity
Licensing and/or co-development.
Development Status
In vivo data. Preclinical development
Patent Situation
PCT Phase. Priority 2018.
Further Reading
Kochlamazashvili et al., 2010. NCAM-associated polysialic acid regulates synaptic plasticity and learning by restraining the signaling through GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. J. Neurosci.
Varbanov and Dityatev, 2017. Regulation of extrasynaptic signaling by polysialylated NCAM: Impact for synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions. Mol Cell Neurosci.